The peak factor (ratio of peak flow to average daily flow) used in sewerage design for a city with population 100,000 is approximately:

Why is this the answer?

Peak factor decreases with population. For population 100,000: peak factor = 2.5-3.0. For small towns (<5000): 4-5. Formula: PF = 1 + (14/(4+sqrt(P))) where P in thousands (Babbit and Baumann). Peak flow governs sewer pipe diameter design, while average flow is used for treatment plant capacity.

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