Which failure mechanism governs the design of an isolated footing under column load?
Choose the correct answer
Only settlement governs
Three modes: one-way shear (at d from column face), two-way shear/punching (at d/2 from column), and bending (at column face)
Only bending at column face
Only axial load in column
Correct Answer
B. Three modes: one-way shear (at d from column face), two-way shear/punching (at d/2 from column), and bending (at column face)
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Isolated footing design checks: (1) Bending: critical section at column face — treat as cantilever. (2) One-way shear: critical section at d from column face. (3) Two-way (punching) shear: critical section at d/2 from column periphery. Soil pressure: uniform (for concentric load) = Pu/(length × width). All three must be satisfied.
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