The 'Timoshenko beam' theory differs from Euler-Bernoulli theory by including:
Choose the correct answer
Only bending stress in the flanges
Transverse shear deformation and rotatory inertia — critical for deep beams or high-frequency vibration modes
Axial deformation only
Temperature effects along the beam
Correct Answer
B. Transverse shear deformation and rotatory inertia — critical for deep beams or high-frequency vibration modes
Why is this the answer?
Timoshenko beam: includes shear deformation (transverse shear strain) AND rotatory inertia. E-B: assumes plane sections perpendicular to beam axis remain plane and perpendicular (no shear deformation). Timoshenko: sections remain plane but NOT necessarily perpendicular (shear angle φ). Important for: deep beams (span/depth < 10), composite beams with weak core, dynamic analysis (higher modes). Shear factor κ: 5/6 for rectangular, 0.9 for circular.
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