The 'development length' requirement ensures that the bar force is transferred to concrete by:
Choose the correct answer
Compression from concrete confinement only
Bond (adhesion, friction, and bearing of deformed bar lugs on concrete) developing full design stress
Welding of bars to stirrups
Mechanical anchorage alone (without embedment length)
Correct Answer
B. Bond (adhesion, friction, and bearing of deformed bar lugs on concrete) developing full design stress
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Development length Ld: length of bar needed beyond a critical section so that full design stress (σs = 0.87fy) is reached through bond. Bond mechanism: (1) Adhesion; (2) Friction; (3) Bearing (for deformed bars — lugs push on concrete). IS 456: Ld = φσs/(4τbd). Deformed bars have higher τbd than plain bars. Hooked bars can have reduced Ld.
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