'Strut-and-tie model' (STM) is used for RC design of 'D-regions' where:
Choose the correct answer
Standard slender beams with uniform moment
D-regions (deep beams, corbels, joints) where plane-sections-remain-plane assumption breaks down — truss analogy
Only pre-stressed concrete
Only axially loaded columns
Correct Answer
B. D-regions (deep beams, corbels, joints) where plane-sections-remain-plane assumption breaks down — truss analogy
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STM: applicable in D-regions (Disturbed regions) where Bernoulli beam theory (plane sections remain plane) is invalid: deep beams (a/d < 2), corbels (a/d < 1), dapped ends, beam-column joints, pile caps. Replace complex stress state with equivalent truss: struts (concrete in compression), ties (steel in tension). Forces in strut/tie = design forces for concrete/steel. IS 456 provides limited guidance; ACI 318 Ch.23 comprehensive.
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