Euler buckling load of a column is inversely proportional to:

Why is this the answer?

Euler's critical buckling load: Pcr = π²EI / Le², where E is Young's modulus, I is moment of inertia, and Le is effective length of the column. Pcr is inversely proportional to Le² (square of effective length). Answer: Square of effective length. Effective length Le depends on end conditions: Le = L (pinned-pinned), Le = 0.5L (fixed-fixed), Le = 0.7L (fixed-pinned), Le = 2L (fixed-free/cantilever).

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