A steel tension member carries 100 kN on gross area 1500 mm². Average tensile stress is

Average direct (axial) stress sigma = P/A, where P = axial force and A = cross-sectional area. Assumes the load acts through the centroid and stress is uniform across the section (valid far from the load application point, per Saint-Venant's principle). Units: N/mm^2 (MPa). Stress=P/A=100×1000/1500=66.67 N/mm².

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