The 'residual stresses' in hot-rolled steel sections arise from:
Choose the correct answer
Applied loads during fabrication
Non-uniform cooling after hot rolling — thick zones cool slowly (tension), thin zones cool fast (compression)
Chemical treatment of steel
Welding of reinforcement to web
Correct Answer
B. Non-uniform cooling after hot rolling — thick zones cool slowly (tension), thin zones cool fast (compression)
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Residual stresses: locked-in stresses from non-uniform cooling after hot rolling. Flange tips (thin, cool fast) → residual compression. Flange-web junction (thick, cool slowly) → residual tension. Typical values: ±100–150 MPa. Effect on columns: premature yielding at tips reduces column curve below Euler; this is why column curves (a, b, c, d in IS 800) depend on section geometry and residual stress level.
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