A bar carries an axial load of 120 kN over a cross-sectional area of 1000 mm². The direct stress is

Why is this the answer?

Average direct (axial) stress sigma = P/A, where P = axial force and A = cross-sectional area. Assumes the load acts through the centroid and stress is uniform across the section (valid far from the load application point, per Saint-Venant's principle). Units: N/mm^2 (MPa). Stress = P/A = 120000/1000 = 120 N/mm².

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