The 'strut and waler' support system in a braced excavation works as:
Choose the correct answer
The struts carry tension like cables
Horizontal compression members (struts) supported by walers distribute active earth pressure across the excavation
Only for water control (no structural role)
Struts are always pre-cast concrete panels
Correct Answer
B. Horizontal compression members (struts) supported by walers distribute active earth pressure across the excavation
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Braced excavation: as excavation proceeds, horizontal steel struts (or tie-backs) installed at intervals to support sheeting/piling. Walers: horizontal beams distributing load from sheeting to struts. Struts: horizontal compression members transmitting force across excavation. Hydraulic struts: allow pre-loading to reduce wall deflection. Failure modes: strut buckling (slender struts), waler failure, strut connection failure.
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