The 'specific gravity' of a fluid can be measured using a 'hydrometer' which works on:
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Viscosity of the fluid
Archimedes'' principle — depth of immersion depends on fluid density; scale reads SG directly
Bernoulli''s equation
Capillary rise in fluid
Correct Answer
B. Archimedes'' principle — depth of immersion depends on fluid density; scale reads SG directly
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Hydrometer: floats in liquid; depth of immersion varies inversely with liquid density (denser fluid → less immersion). At equilibrium: weight of hydrometer = buoyant force = ρ_liquid × g × V_submerged. Scale calibrated directly in SG or density. Used for: battery acid, milk (lactometer), alcohol, soil (specific hydrometer for grain size analysis — Hydrometer analysis).
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