The 'ruling gradient' in Indian hill roads (IRC:SP:48) is:
Choose the correct answer
Same as plains roads (3.3%)
5% for hill roads (IRC:SP:48) — steeper than plains due to terrain constraints
20% (very steep)
0% (no gradient in hills)
Correct Answer
B. 5% for hill roads (IRC:SP:48) — steeper than plains due to terrain constraints
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IRC:SP:48 (Hill Roads): Ruling gradient = 5% for speeds 40–50 km/h on hill roads (steeper than plains 3.3%). Limiting gradient = 6% (short stretches). Exceptional gradient = 8% (very difficult terrain). For faster speeds on plains: ruling 3.3%, limiting 5%, exceptional 6.7%. Steep gradients cause: slower speeds, gear changes, overheating, more accidents. Compensating grade on curves needed.
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