The Rankine-Gordon formula for critical load of a column accounts for:
Choose the correct answer
Only long column elastic buckling (Euler)
Both crushing (short column) and elastic buckling (long column) — applicable for all slenderness ratios
Only shear failure
Creep and fatigue
Correct Answer
B. Both crushing (short column) and elastic buckling (long column) — applicable for all slenderness ratios
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Rankine-Gordon: P_c = f_c × A / (1 + α(L_e/k)²) where f_c = yield stress, A = area, α = Rankine constant = f_c/(π²E), L_e = effective length, k = least radius of gyration. This formula bridges Euler (slender) and direct squashing (short) failure — valid for all slenderness ratios. α for steel ≈ 1/7500.
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