The 'load factor' method in IS 456 LSM uses factored loads equal to:
Choose the correct answer
Characteristic load × 1.0 (unfactored)
Characteristic load × γf (1.5 for DL+LL; 1.2 for DL+LL+EL)
Service load × 2.0 always
Load / 0.67
Correct Answer
B. Characteristic load × γf (1.5 for DL+LL; 1.2 for DL+LL+EL)
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IS 456 (LSM): Factored load = characteristic load × partial safety factor γf. For DL + LL: 1.5(DL + LL). For DL + LL + EL: 1.2(DL + LL + EL). For DL + EL only: 1.5(DL) ± 1.5(EL). Factored loads ensure the structure has adequate capacity at ultimate limit state (collapse prevented).
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