The 'liquefaction' potential of a saturated sandy deposit is assessed using:
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Bearing capacity formula for static loads only
Comparing Cyclic Stress Ratio (CSR from earthquake) with Cyclic Resistance Ratio (CRR from SPT/CPT data)
Only visual inspection
Laboratory triaxial test under static loading
Correct Answer
B. Comparing Cyclic Stress Ratio (CSR from earthquake) with Cyclic Resistance Ratio (CRR from SPT/CPT data)
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Liquefaction assessment (IS 1893 Part 1, Annex F): Cyclic Stress Ratio (CSR) = τav/(σv') = 0.65 × (amax/g) × (σv/σv') × rd. Cyclic Resistance Ratio (CRR) from corrected SPT N1,60 or CPT qc1N (curves). FOS = CRR/CSR. If FOS < 1.0 → liquefaction risk. Sandy deposits with N1,60 < 15 in high seismic zones are vulnerable. Also: grain size D50 0.05–2.0 mm, fines < 35%.
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