The 'hydraulic jump' in a rectangular channel occurs when Froude number changes from:
Choose the correct answer
From subcritical to more subcritical
From supercritical (Fr1>1) to subcritical (Fr2<1) — abrupt depth increase with energy dissipation
From laminar to turbulent
From Fr=0 to Fr=1 (critical flow)
Correct Answer
B. From supercritical (Fr1>1) to subcritical (Fr2<1) — abrupt depth increase with energy dissipation
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Hydraulic jump: sudden transition from supercritical (Fr1 > 1) to subcritical (Fr2 < 1) flow. Energy is dissipated (conjugate depths). Sequent depth ratio: y2/y1 = (−1+√(1+8Fr1²))/2 (Belanger equation). Energy loss ΔE = (y2−y1)³/(4y1y2). Stilling basins use hydraulic jump for energy dissipation below spillways. Jump type: undular (Fr<2) to strong (Fr>9).
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