The 'hydraulic efficiency' of a turbine is the ratio of:
Choose the correct answer
Shaft power output / motor power input
Power developed by turbine runner / water power available at turbine inlet (gross hydraulic power → runner)
Only the mechanical bearing friction
Volume flow rate / rated discharge
Correct Answer
B. Power developed by turbine runner / water power available at turbine inlet (gross hydraulic power → runner)
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Hydraulic efficiency ηh = Power developed by runner / Water power available (runner work / net head work). Mechanical efficiency ηm = shaft output / runner power. Volumetric efficiency ηv = actual discharge used / total discharge. Overall efficiency η = ηh × ηm × ηv = shaft output / total water power. For Pelton wheel: η_overall ≈ 85–90%.
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