The 'GLONASS' satellite navigation system is operated by:
Choose the correct answer
USA (same as GPS)
Russia — GLONASS constellation, uses FDMA (different frequency per satellite) vs GPS''s CDMA
European Union (this is Galileo)
India (this is NavIC/IRNSS)
Correct Answer
B. Russia — GLONASS constellation, uses FDMA (different frequency per satellite) vs GPS''s CDMA
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GLONASS (Global Navigation Satellite System): Russian counterpart to US GPS. Operational from 1995. 24 satellites in 3 orbital planes. Frequency division multiple access (FDMA) — different frequency per satellite (vs GPS: CDMA — same frequency, different code). GNSS receivers often combine GPS + GLONASS for better availability. Other systems: Galileo (EU), BeiDou (China), NavIC/IRNSS (India — 7 satellites, South Asia coverage).
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