The 'Euler buckling load' for a column with one end fixed and the other end free is:
Choose the correct answer
Pcr = π²EI/L² (same as pinned-pinned)
Pcr = π²EI/(4L²) with effective length Le = 2L (weakest end condition)
Pcr = 4π²EI/L² (fixed-fixed)
Pcr = 2π²EI/L²
Correct Answer
B. Pcr = π²EI/(4L²) with effective length Le = 2L (weakest end condition)
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Euler formula: Pcr = π²EI/(Le)² where Le = effective length. Boundary conditions: fixed-free (flag pole) Le = 2L (weakest). Fixed-pinned: Le = 0.7L. Pinned-pinned: Le = L. Fixed-fixed: Le = 0.5L (strongest). Fixed-free gives lowest Pcr because effective length is twice actual length → Pcr = π²EI/(4L²) = π²EI/(2L)².
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