The 'base flow' component of a streamflow hydrograph represents:
Choose the correct answer
Peak storm runoff from surface
Groundwater seepage sustaining stream flow between storms — slow, sustained component of hydrograph
Interflow only (no groundwater)
Overland flow during storms
Correct Answer
B. Groundwater seepage sustaining stream flow between storms — slow, sustained component of hydrograph
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Base flow: groundwater contribution to stream (effluent seepage). Sustained, slowly varying flow fed by aquifer storage. Continues long after rainfall stops. Direct runoff (storm runoff): quick response to rainfall, peaks rapidly. Hydrograph = base flow + direct runoff. Base flow separation: straight-line method, N-day method (N = A^0.2 where A = catchment area in km²).
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