Pavement 'rutting' (permanent deformation in wheel tracks) is caused by:
Choose the correct answer
Cracking due to tensile stress at bottom of pavement
Permanent shear deformation of bituminous layer under wheel loads, worsened by high temperature and weak mix
Frost heave in cold climates only
Swelling of subgrade clay only
Correct Answer
B. Permanent shear deformation of bituminous layer under wheel loads, worsened by high temperature and weak mix
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Rutting: permanent deformation in bituminous pavement wheel tracks, forming longitudinal grooves. Caused by: insufficient shear strength of bituminous mix at high temperature; high bitumen content (bleeding); failure of sub-base or subgrade under traffic. Prevention: hard aggregate, polymer modified bitumen (PMB), rut-resistant mix (SMA, OGFC). Measured by rut depth (acceptable < 10–13 mm).
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