In surveying, compensating (random) errors differ from systematic errors in that:
Choose the correct answer
Compensating errors always increase with distance; systematic errors decrease
Compensating errors are equally likely to be positive or negative and partially cancel; systematic errors have consistent sign and accumulate
Systematic errors occur only in chain surveys
Compensating errors have no effect on final results
Correct Answer
B. Compensating errors are equally likely to be positive or negative and partially cancel; systematic errors have consistent sign and accumulate
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Systematic errors: same sign, accumulate (e.g., chain too long -> all distances too long). Random (compensating) errors: equal probability of + or -, partially cancel by statistical distribution -> reduce with more observations. Gross errors = mistakes, must be eliminated. Random errors are reduced by taking multiple observations and averaging.
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