In 'finite element analysis' (FEA), the 'isoparametric formulation' uses:
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Different functions for geometry and displacement
Same shape functions N_i for both geometric mapping and displacement interpolation — allows curved element boundaries
Only triangular elements
Analytical integration only
Correct Answer
B. Same shape functions N_i for both geometric mapping and displacement interpolation — allows curved element boundaries
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Isoparametric element: same shape functions N_i used for both geometry (x,y) and displacement (u,v): x=ΣN_i×x_i, u=ΣN_i×u_i. Allows curved element sides (essential for curved boundaries). Integration: numerical Gauss quadrature in natural coordinates (ξ,η). 4-node quadrilateral → bilinear; 8-node serendipity → quadratic. Jacobian J transforms from physical to natural coordinates.
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