In a plate load test, the settlement of the actual foundation (size B) from the settlement of the plate (size B_p) for CLAY is given by:

For clay: s_f = s_p × (B/B_p) — settlement scales linearly with footing size (since B >> B_p often, and for clay the failure is by general shear without the drainage effect seen in sand). For sand, a different formula applies.

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