For a fixed-ended arch, the degree of indeterminacy is:
Choose the correct answer
0 (statically determinate)
3 (3 redundants — reactions exceed equilibrium equations by 3)
1
2
Correct Answer
B. 3 (3 redundants — reactions exceed equilibrium equations by 3)
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Fixed arch: both ends fully fixed (3 reactions each: H, V, M). Total reactions = 6. Equilibrium equations = 3. Degree of indeterminacy = 6−3 = 3. Hingeless (fixed) arch has 3 redundants. Two-hinged arch: 4 reactions − 3 equilibrium = 1 redundant. Three-hinged arch: 4 reactions + 1 condition (hinge) − 3 equil − 1 hinge cond = 0 (statically determinate).
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