'Cross-sectional areas' for earthwork calculation in road cutting are computed by:
Choose the correct answer
Only by visual estimation in the field
Trapezoidal formula A=(W+nh)h or coordinate method — based on measured formation width, side slope, and cutting depth
Only by digital survey instruments
By dividing road length by cross-section width
Correct Answer
B. Trapezoidal formula A=(W+nh)h or coordinate method — based on measured formation width, side slope, and cutting depth
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Cross-section area methods: (1) Trapezoidal formula A = (W+nh)h where W = formation width, n = side slope, h = height; (2) Prismatoid formula for irregular cross-sections; (3) Coordinate method: A = 0.5×|Σ(xi(yi+1−yi−1))| for any polygon. Field: cross-sections taken at regular intervals (20–50 m), area calculated at each, volume by end-area or prismoidal formula.
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