A steel plate 100 mm wide and 12 mm thick has 2 bolt hole(s) of 20 mm diameter across the critical section. Net area is

Net sectional area = (b - n*d_h) * t, where b = plate width, n = number of bolt holes in the critical section, d_h = hole diameter (bolt diameter + 2 mm for drilled holes per IS 800), t = plate thickness. Net area is used to check net section rupture (tensile failure through bolt holes): capacity = 0.9 * An * fu / gamma_m1. Net area=(b-nd)t=(100-2×20)×12=720 mm².

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